Computer networks enable sharing and central management of resources, applications and data across multiple devices in a safe and scalable manner. They are an integral component of modern life and offer benefits such as improved collaboration and communication, reduced costs, increased security, and greater accessibility to information and resources.
Networks are constructed from two key elements, nodes and links. Nodes are network devices, such as printers, computers, and servers that communicate with each other by using a set of standardized rules known as communication protocols. Links connect these nodes with one another via wired, optical or wireless connections. A laptop that is connected to a local network via Wi-Fi acts as both a node (DTE) and an link (DCE). Network switches and routers function as traffic cops, directing data streams to their intended destination in the most efficient way.
A wide area network (WAN) is a larger-scale network which uses bridges and gateways in order to connect multiple networks. Unlike a LAN the WAN is connected to the Internet and other networks for global communication. Students in Florida, for example can use teleconferencing on their computers with colleagues in Tokyo thanks to the WAN.
Computer networks facilitate workflows and encourage collaboration and engagement in the workplace. Employees can save their documents to a server which is regularly backed up instead of emailing documents back-and-forth, which could result in losing files. They can also easily access standard versions of customer or employee manuals via the network, which will ensure consistency and accuracy.
